Ways to avoid winter sports injuries

Winter's cold temperatures and slippery surfaces can produce significant sport injuries, a U.S. doctor suggests.

"However," Dr. Allan Mishra of Menlo Park, Calif., a spokesperson of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, says, "wearing proper clothing, protective gear and avoiding extreme weather conditions can improve their safety so no one misses out on the winter fun."

Mishra also recommends:

-- Wearing proper footwear and several layers of light, loose and water/wind-resistant clothing which can be added/removed to accommodate the body's constantly changing temperature.

-- Warming up with at least 3 to 5 minutes of light exercise, then gently stretching the muscles; holding each stretch for at least 30 seconds.

-- Abiding by all rules of the sport such as participating in sports alone or when experiencing pain or exhaustion.

-- Avoiding dehydration and overheating with frequent water breaks.

-- Becoming familiar with the whereabouts of fences, trees, rocks, open water and patches of ice. Staying on marked trails and avoiding potential avalanche areas.

-- Being prepared for emergency situations and having a plan to reach medical personnel. When falling, try to fall on the side or buttocks and roll over naturally -- turning the head in the direction of the roll.